They offer a simple, convenient and reliable alternative to repetitive. The pumping rate of the model 2002 alzet osmotic pump over time n20. Implants were removed after 40 days and evaluated histologically. Osmotic pump implantation in mice and rats ucsf iacuc. Infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff. Technical description of the alzet microosmotic pump model 1004 a. Alzet mini osmotic pumps of desired delivery period 1, 3, 7, 14 or 28 days for mice durect corporation, cupertino, ca. A what is osmotic pressure osmotic pressure is a most important colligative property according to pharma point of view. Pdf osmotic drug delivery system as a part of modified. Empty reservoir within the core of the pump is filled with the drug or hormone solution to be delivered and is surrounded by salt chamber with impermeable layer between them it is an implantable osmotic pumps for laboratory animal the pump are used to deliver homogenous solution or suspension continuously at a. Osmotic pumps of different sizes and drug duration are available for purchase from alzet. Alzet osmotic pumps can be implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally following the animal size guidelines. The imbibed water compresses the impermeable reservoir, which collapses and displaces the contents from the pump at a controlled, predetermined rate figure 2.
Pdf osmotic micropumps for drug delivery researchgate. Isoproterenol concentration varies depending on the body weight of the animal due to constant flow rate. Rose and nelson developed an implantable pump in 1955. Alzet pumps deliver by the process of osmotic displacement. It is generally used intravenously, although subcutaneous, arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used infusion pumps can administer fluids in ways that would be impractically expensive or unreliable if performed manually by nursing staff. Alzet surgical implantation procedures video on vimeo. Alzet minipumps can be used for systemic administration when implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Alzet pumps operate because of an osmotic pressure diff erence between a compartment within the pump, called the salt sleeve, and the tissue environment in which the pump is implanted. Alzet osmotic pumps for laboratory animal dosing overview.
Durect manufactures and sells alzet osmotic pumps and accessories on a worldwide basis. L reservoir to administer isoproterenol over 3 weeks. Alzet pump information is now available via the internet. The elementary osmotic pump eop was developed by alza in 1974, and was the first practical example of an osmotic pump based drug release system for oral use. The alzet mini osmotic pump model 2001 delivers solutions continuously for 7 days without the need for external connections or frequent handling of animals. Alzet pumps are small, implantable devices for continuous dosing of unrestrained lab animals. A filling needle is included in the box with osmotic pumps. The video also describes proper filling of the alzet pump and and surgical techniques for implantation in rats and mice.
Alzet pumps continuously deliver drugs, hormones, and other test agents at controlled rates for durations ranging from 1 day to 6 weeks. Durect corporation alzet osmotic no 1004 pump alzet osmotic. The pumping rate of the model 2ml4 alzet osmotic pump over time in vitro and in vivo in sprague dawley rats after subcutaneous implantation n105. Isolated rasfs were cultured for four passages and coimplanted together with human cartilage and an alzet osmotic miniature pump model 2004, containing 200.
As the tablet passes through the body, water is absorbed through the semipermeable membrane via osmosis, and the resulting osmotic pressure is used to push the. Sep 16, 2015 alzet pumps deliver by the process of osmotic displacement. Alzet pumps are available in a variety of sizes, durations and flow rates to meet a wide range of research needs. The rate of delivery by an alzet pump is controlled by the water permeability of the.
The osmoticcontrolled release oral delivery system oros is an advanced controlled release oral drug delivery system in the form of a rigid tablet with a semipermeable outer membrane and one or more small laser drilled holes in it. Alzet pumps can also be used for targeted delivery, where the effects of a drug or test agent are localized in a particular tissue or organ, by means of a catheter. They can be attached to a catheter for intravenous, intracerebral, or intraarterial infusion. Osmotic pumps are miniature, infusion pumps which provide researchers with a safe method to deliver agent in vivo. Alzet osmotic pumps have been used in preclinical research for nearly four decades to successfully deliver a wide range of experimental agents. Alzet osmotic pumps are small, implantable pumps for research in mice, rats, and other laboratory animals. Alzet osmotic pumps are a simple, convenient and reliable method for continuous dosing of laboratory animals, including mice and rats. Durect corporation alzet osmotic pump model 1002 alzet. F d is the fraction of drug formulated in drug compartment. Osmotic drug delivery uses the osmotic pressure for controlled delivery of drugs by using osmogens for upto 10 16 hrs. The in vitro pumping rate of the model 1003d alzet osmotic pump over time n20.
We recommend use of the smallest size pump allowable for the solubility of the agent and experimental. Optimization and development of swellable controlled. An infusion pump infuses fluids, medication or nutrients into a patients circulatory system. Osmoticcontrolled release oral delivery system wikipedia. This video describes the inner parts of an alzet pump and how they operate to enable continuous delivery of. Implantable drugdispensing osmotic pump, shaped as a small rod with titanium housing.
Miniosmotic pump infusion model to investigate the systemic. An osmotic oral drug delivery system is one which depends on the mechanics of osmotic pressure variations to regulate the delivery of the drug or active agent. If more than one osmotic pumpanimal will be implanted this must be. Development of alzet osmotic pump compatible solvent. It was introduced to the market in the early 1980s in osmosin indomethacin and acutrim phenylpropanolamine, but unexpectedly severe issues with gi irritation and cases of gi perforation led to the withdrawal of osmosin. The elementary osmotic pump is a new delivery system for drugs or other active agents. Isoproterenolinduced heart failure mouse model using. They offer a simple, convenient and reliable alternative to repetitive videos in alzet osmotic pumps on vimeo. Hidden camera investigation on what really happens to your car cbc marketplace duration. Alzet osmotic pumps are miniature, implantable pumps used for research in mice, rats, and other laboratory animals. The alzet mini osmotic pump model 2002 delivers solutions continuously for at least 14 days without the need for external connections or frequent handling of animals. Convenient, reliable, and costeffective alternative to chronic injections continuous delivery ensures constant compound levels in plasma or tissues for. The pumps functionthrough an osmotic gradient between the pump and the tissue where the pump is implanted.
Alzet osmotic pumps implantable infusion pumps for. It became available for investigational use in the mid1970s, and researchers used it routinely in the screening of active agents, animal. A model esirius surgical procedure description is provided in the procedure section to assist researchers in adding alzet pump implantation to a research protocol. This document is intended to serve as a guide to help standardize the procedure by which an.
It is not to be placed into animals used for food or food products, or in humans. Save time by eliminating the need for frequent animal handling. Technical description of the alzet micro osmotic pump model 1004 a. While the pumping rate of each model is fixed at manufacture, the dose of agent delivered can be adjusted by varying the concentration. Alzet pumps have been exposed to a sterilizing dose of radiation from a 60co source.
The therapeutic use of osmotic minipumps in the severe. While the pumping rate of each model is fixed at manufacture, the dose of agent delivered can be adjusted by varying the concentration of agent with which each pump is filled. Miniosmotic pumps alzet 2001, 2004, 2006 or microosmotic pumps alzet 1004. The operation of the alzet osmotic pump is based on the osmotic pressure gradient. These minipumps deliver drugs, hormones, and other test agents at continuous and controlled rates, for durations ranging from one day to six weeks, without the need for external connections or frequent handling. Describes the principle involved in an osmotic pump used to extract fresh water from the oceans and in an osmotic power plant used to generate electricity. The invention of alzet osmotic pumps in the 1970s allowed constant. Pump selection alzet pumps are available in a variety of sizes, durations and flow rates to meet a wide range of research needs. When the osmotic pump is exposed to an aqueous environment, the osmotic layer imbibes water through a semipermeable membrane which forms the outer surface of the pump. Convenient and reliable alternative to frequent injections. We recommend use of the smallest size pump allowable for the solubility of the agent and experimental duration. If more than one pump is sequentially implanted, the protocol must describe and justify the implantation of more than one pump. After filling the pump body with angii, the flow moderator is inserted to seal the pump.
Through osmosis, water from the body is slowly drawn through the semipermeable membrane into the pump by osmotic agent residing in the engine compartment, which expands the osmotic agent and displaces a piston to. Push pull osmotic pump ppop c modified oral osmotic drug delivery systems oodds 1. The mass delivery from the push pull osmotic pump is given by, q and f are osmotic flow in the osmotic and drug compartment respectively. The high osmolality of the salt sleeve causes water to flux into the pump through a semipermeable membrane which forms the outer surface of the pump. In this implantable controlledrelease drug delivery device osmotic pressure is used as the energy sourceto activate and modulate the delivery of drugs, thedrug reservoir, which is either a solution or asemisolid formulation. Cyanoacrylate adhesive for cannula adhesion to the skull.
Maximize therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. It is generally used intravenously, although subcutaneous, arterial and epidural infusions are occasionally used. Durect corporation 0009922pk microosmotic pump model 1004. Complete micro osmotic pump system with flow moderator in place 1. Alzet osmotic pumps are cylindrically shaped see fig. Development of alzet osmotic pump compatible solvent compositions to solubilize poorly soluble compounds for preclinical studies.
Osmotic minipumps animal considerations osmotic minipumps can be implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in rodents following the guidelines in table 5. The osmotic salt chamber 7 is separated from a source of osmotic fluid, e. The historical development of osmotic systems includes development of the rosenelson pump, the higuchileeper pumps, the alzet and osmet systems, the elementary osmotic pump, and the pushpull. Some pump models are small enough to be implanted in mice and young rats.
This video provides an overview of the alzet technology, benefits, and applications. Alzet pumps may also be connected to a catheter to deliver the pump contents directly into the venous or arterial systems, the brain, or into any organ or tissue. The historical developments of osmotic systems include seminal contributions such as the rosenelson pump 4, the higuchileeper pumps 5, the alzet osmotic pump 6, the elementary osmotic pump eop 7 and the pushpull osmotic pump 8. Continuous ophthalmic treatment using an osmotic pump in a. Recent advances include development of the controlled porosity osmotic pump, and systems based o n. Alzet osmotic pump, as indicated by its name, was a system developed by alza corporation for experimental research. Osmotic pumps were filled with test compound according to manufacturers instructions and equilibrated in sterile normal saline at 37c for 4 hours. Alzet pumps allow researchers to understand and optimize the key determinants of drug action, such as the level and duration of drug exposure, and the spatial drug distribution relative to the target tissue. Ratecontrolled drug delivery by alzet osmotic pumps allows researchers to set drug concentration at a desired level and maintain it for a chosen duration. This video describes the inner parts of an alzet pump and how they operate to enable continuous delivery of experimental agents. Mini osmotic pumps alzet 2001, 2004, 2006 or micro osmotic pumps alzet 1004. This document is intended to serve as a guide to help standardize the procedure by which an osmotic pump system may be implanted in rodent models.
An alzet osmotic pump comprises a collapsible reservoir drug solutionsuspension reservoir surrounded by a salt layer osmotic agent which in turn is enclosed by a semipermeable membrane outer shell. Demonstrated procedures include subcutaneous and interperitoneal implantation, and the use of a catheter for intravenous jugular, intrathecal, intragastric, and cranialcerebral infusion. Continuous drug infusion with an implantable osmotic pump. Subcutaneous angiotensin ii infusion using osmotic pumps. A fluid barrier isolates the osmotic salt chamber 7 from the source of osmotic fluid for storage of the pump, and may be inactivated when the pump is to be used. The alzet product line consists of miniature implantable pumps and a range of accessories for experimental research in mice, rats, and other laboratory animals. The osmotic delivery device is based on higuchitheeuwes pump design figure 6.
Optimization and development of swellable controlled porosity. Alzet pumps can also be used for targeted delivery, where the effects of a drug or test agent are localized in a. The nominal performance is a target for all pumps manufactured. Implantation of osmotic pumps in rodents university of. Durect corporation alzet osmotic no 1004 pump alzet. See other routes of administrationlisted below are guidelines on surgical implantation of alzet pumps subcutaneously and.
We market the alzet product line directly in the u. Factors affecting release of medicament factors affecting the release rate of medicament from. Mouse procedures\ osmotic pumps saha cardiovascular. This 20 minute video describes the alzet pump mechanism, and the advantages of continuous infusion over frequent. An osmotic pump comprises a housing 2 within which is a delivery chamber 5 separated from an osmotic salt chamber 7 by impermeable moveable pressure responsive means such as a piston 6 or a flexible membrane. This video shows the parts of the pump and describes how the pump operates to enable continuous delivery of experimental agents. Osmotic pumps are miniature, infusion pumps which provide researchers with a safe.
Osmotic controlledrelease oral delivery system an overview. Dosage variability can be achieved by modifying agent concentration. We chose the alzet model 1004 minipumps with a 100. Review article overview of past and current osmotic. Alzet 2ml1 osmotic pumps were filled with the test compound in either of two different formulations and the concentration was adjusted to deliver 10mgkgday. Recent advances include development of the controlled porosity osmotic pump, and systems based o. Alzet resource videos osmotic pump mechanism on vimeo. Elementary osmotic pump eop b multiple chamber osmotic pump 1. Although shown to be thermodynamically feasible, the osmotic principle is not likely to be used commerically for these purposes in the near future. Preparation of alzet osmotic pumps for subcutaneous implantation reagentssupplies 1. Complete microosmotic pump system with flow moderator in place 1. Mechanism alzet pumps operate because of an osmotic pressure difference. Individual lots of pumps may vary from this target within limits. Leeper pumps, the alzet and osmet systems, the elementary osmotic pump, and the pushpull system.
Alzet pumps have been used to target delivery to a wide variety of sites including the spinal cord, spleen, liver, organ or tissue transplants, and wound healing sites. Isoproterenolinduced heart failure mouse model using osmotic. By manipulating these variables, drug effects can be optimized early in preclinical development, allowing clinical studies to be conducted. Weigh out the calculated amount of angii use a sterile plastic tube. Alzet osmotic pumps are small, selfpowered, infusion pumps for. Pumps are to be implanted with the animal under general anesthesia. The ideal membrane, which is selectively permeable to water but not to the osmotic driving agent, commonly called a semipermeable membrane, has a j value of unity. Implantation of miniosmotic pumps and delivery of tract.
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