Phytoremediation processes rely on the ability of plants to take up andor metabolize pollutants to less toxic substances. Water plants characteristic for phytoremediation of acid mine. The use of plant species for cleaning polluted soils and waters named as phytoremediation has gained increasing attention since last decade, as an emerging cheaper technology. Not aware of any trials with native aspen in uk but. Aquatic plants can be used in bioremediation phytoremediation especially to remediate sites contaminated with heavy metals.
The noxious or invasive potential of the plants must be determined during the planning process. Arabidopsis thaliana delhaize 1996, typha latifolia, and phragmites australis ye et al. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Metal and plant species concentrationof metalaccuumulated mgkg a. Pdf phytoremediation and hyperaccumulator plants researchgate. The soil has been contaminated with toxic materials which is jeopardising its fertility. It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. It is not a design manual, and is not intended to provide enough information. The plant protein binds heavy metals and removes them so that plant toxicity does not occur. Phytoremediation can be carried out in a number of ways. Identification and characterization of heavy metals responsive genes article pdf available in clean soil air water 442. Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used to remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water. Forumusing superplants to clean up our environment phytoremediation is an innovative use of green plants to clean up our environment.
Aspen in phytoremediation aspen represent optimal plants for absorption, accumulation, storage, and degradation of environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, mercury, pcbs, nitrates, pesticide and herbicide residues, aromatics, wood preservatives, explosives and other wasteproducts. Phytoremediation is a technology that uses plants to degrade, assimilate, metabolize, or detoxify metal and organic chemical contamination. Thermal power plants using coal as major fuel for production of electricity worldwide generate large amounts of combustion coal residues ccrs, such as fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag and flues gas desulphurization materials heidrich et al. Site and contaminantspecific protocols are needed to effectively use phytoremediation. These include the very popular sunflower, which has the ability to absorb heavy metals, such as lead. Cultivating plant species in highly contaminated soil can. Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation of.
Ecological potential of plants for phytoremediation and. Phytoremediation, the use of plants and their associated microbes for environmental cleanup, has gained acceptance in the past 10 years as a costeffective, noninvasive alternative or complementary technology for engineeringbased remediation methods. Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment. Brassicaceae 1280 29,400 alyssium spp do 11,600 berkheya codil asteraceae 16,600. Plants for phytoremediation phytoremediation involves the use of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize andor degrade contaminants in soil, sediment, and water hughes et al. Other plants used in phytoremediation for cleaner soil include species that reduce levels of organic compounds found in coal and tar, which are present in pitch, creosote, and asphalt. The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water.
Phytoremediation is defined by unep 2012a,b as the use of living green plants for in situ removal, degradation, and containment of contaminants in soils, surface waters, and groundwater. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. In this process, the plant releases natural substances through its. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper.
Phytoremediation is a set of processes that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize and destroy organicinorganic contamination in ground water, surface water, and soil. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant. They have been used for dye, medicine, oil, and food. To use plants to remediate heavy metal pollution would be an effective technique in pollution control. The consumption of contaminated plants by wildlife is also of concern. Common sunflower is from the family asteraceae, the family of daisies and its botanical name is helianthus annuus. May 30, 2019 titled phytoremediation of metals, the patent disclosed a method to remove metal ions from soil using plants. It is a perennial herb, commonly grown as a biennial or annual, up to 1 meter or taller.
The plant used in the phytoremediation technique must have a considerable capacity of metal absorption, its accumulation and reducing the time of decontamination of an ecosystem 8. This study investigates the effectiveness of aquatic macrophyte and microphyte for phytoremediation of water bodies contaminated with high arsenic concentration. Phytoremediation of soils, bioresources 144, 87018727. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to clean up a contamination from soils, sediments, and water. This costeffective plant based approach to remediation takes advantage of the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues. It was one of the first webenabled applications deve\. Plant species used in phytoremediation must be adapted to the area of use and suitable for the project. Phytoremediation potential of hemp cannabis sativa l.
Jul 07, 2015 it is notable that all the articles submitted in this research topic focused on the use of naturallyoccurring hyperaccumulator species rather than transgenic plants andor microorganisms, although geneticallyengineered plants and microbes can also be used for the efficient treatment of polluted soil and water van aben, 2009. Many studies have been conducted in this field in the last two decades. It utilizes a variety of plant biological processes and the physical characteristics of plants to aid in site remediation. Approved selected candidate species for screening collected plants for screening analyses plant propagation for microcosms greenhouse microcosms collected soil for greenhouse microcosms currently setting up microcosms in the greenhouse. Phytoremediation plants used to clean contaminated soil. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year. The plants can be used for the phytoremediation, these mechanisms include enhanced rhizosphere biodegradation, hydraulic control, phytodegradation and phytovolatilization. Introduction to phytoremediation phytoremediation is a broad term that has been in use since 1991 to describe the use of plants to reduce the volume, mobility, or toxicity of contaminants in soil, groundwater, or other contaminated media mccutcheon 2003. Design of aerobic wetland for acid mine drainage pond. On the other hand, this ability forms the basis for phytoremediation. Use of plants for the removal of toxic metals from.
Phytoremediation makes use of the ability of green plants to accumulate or degrade contaminants. Plants are known to be able to accumulate many heavy metals 9. Plants ability to accumulate heavy metals may cause problems to human health when contamination of food crops is too high. The plants database was first put on the web in late 1994 or early 1995. Sep 12, 2017 phytoremediation phytoremediation definition. The use of invasive, nonnative species can affect biodiversity. Phytoremediation is a bioremediation process that uses various types of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize, andor destroy contaminants in the soil and groundwater. Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is an aesthetically. Phytoextraction removes metals or organics from soils by accumulating them in the biomass of plants. Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation.
This technology has been used for hundreds of years to treat human waste, re duce erosion, and protect water quality. Pdf phytoremediation is a group of technologies that use plants to reduce, remove. The uptake, accumulation and degradation of contaminants vary from plant to plant. Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water. Nov, 2018 metalaccumulating plants, in phytoremediation of toxic metals. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016.
Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used. As international journal of molecular sciences has. Trees in phytoremediation colorado state university. This species phanerogam has the highest cobalt content.
Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf. Typha latifolia and phragmites australis have been sed for phytoremediation in china. Brassica juncea, also known as indian mustard, mustard greens, chinese mustard, and leaf mustard, is a species of the mustard plant. Phytoremediation is a group of technologies that use plants to reduce, remove, degrade, or immobilize environmental toxins, primarily those of anthropogenic origin, with the aim of restoring area. Some recommended plants which are commonly used in phytoremediation and. For example, water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes has been used for purifying not only domestic wastewater but also industrial wastewater. Scientists have identified phytoremediation as an effective and efficient process to improve human health and reproductive health in contaminated areas. Phytoremediation offers an opportunity to increase the financial possibility of phytoremediation programs, and to reduce disposal risks through the. Gisbert and her team aimed to genetically modify a plant so that it could be used for phytoremediation using plants to remove toxic substances from the soil. Phytoremediation use of green plants to remove pollutants. A list of plants used in phytoremediation is given in table 9. This plantbased technology has gained acceptance in the past ten years as a cheap, efficient and environmentally friendly technology.
It is a highly toxic element that exists in various species, and the toxicity of. A plant genetically modified that accumulates pb is. One plant used in phytoremediation for cleaner soil is alpine pennygrass because it was found to be able to remove 10 times more cadmium than any other known soil cleaning plant. Phytostabilization is the use of certain plant species to immobilize contaminants. For instance, plant species like duckweed lemna gibba, water spinach. Cr, cd, pb, zn phytoremediation in conjunction with biomass fuels production willow being grown on contaminated land for biomass production. Phytoremediation is a group of technologies that use plants to reduce, remove, degrade, or immobilize environmental toxins, primarily those of anthropogenic origin.
The term comes from the greek word for plants phyto that can detoxify, or remediate, soil or water contaminated with heavy metals or excess minerals. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ remediation of contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and ground water through contaminant removal, degradation, or containment. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils. Plants can degrade organic pollutants or contain and stabilize metal contaminants by acting as filters or traps. Pdf phytoremediation potential of hemp cannabis sativa. Important criteria for plants used for phytoremediation include the provision of economic benefits, harvesting management, and byproduct utilization. Use of trees in phytoremediation since the early 1990s organic pollutant clean up.
Phytoremediation is the use of plants to improve degraded environments. Phytovolatilization plants convert pollutants to a gas released into the atmosphere. Factors affecting heavy metal phytoavailability bioavailability and phytoavailability are terms used to describe the degree to which contaminants are available for absorption or uptake by living organisms that are exposed to them 4648. Another plant used in phytoremediation for cleaner soil is indian mustard, which removes lead, selenium, zinc, mercury, and copper from the soil. Using plant species for phytoremediation of highly. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. Species with the potential to spread to adjoining land should be used.
The noxious or invasive potential of the plants must be. This costeffective plantbased approach to remediation takes advantage of the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues. Contaminated soils and waters pose a major environmental and human health problem, which may be partially solved by the emerging phytoremediation technology. Phytoremediation is a recently developed technology that offers a costeffective solution by using plants, and associated soil microbes, to reduce the content, or toxic effects, of contaminants in. Phytoextraction and accumulation of mercury in selected. Water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes and two algae chlorodesmis sp. Several species of plants, including radish and mustard, were genetically engineered to express a protein called metallothionein.
Phytoremediation basically refers to the use of plants and associated soil microbes to reduce the concentrations or toxic effects of contaminants in the environment. Phytodegradation, or phytotransformation, is the use of plants to uptake, store and degrade organic pollutants. But trees and other plants do more than remediate pollutants. Phytoremediation phytoremediation is defined as the use of green plants to remove pollutants from the environment or render them harmless.
Most scientific and commercial interest in phytoremediation now focuses on phytoextraction and phytodegradation, which use selected plant species grown on contaminated soils figure 2 plantation with wildtype as well as transgenic poplars on a field site with high amounts of heavy metals in the soil, in the former copper mining area mansfelder land, saxonia anhalt, germany. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. Research focusing specifically on the phytoremediation of contaminated soils has only grown significantly in the last 25 years. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. It has been reported that plants were used for the treatment of waste water some 300 years ago hartman, 1975. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. The composition of the pool of five terraced wetland plant species are used as medium of phytoremediation recorded. Ahalya and ramachandra 2006 reported that to absorb or degrade the pollutants, phytoremediation is being increasingly adopted where certain plants used are belonging to brassicaceae. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water, and waste water. Natural resources conservation service national plant data team npdt nrcs. There are several different types of phytoremediation mechanisms.
Use of brassica plants in the phytoremediation and. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of. While most of these plants are not included in the list below, varieties of some of the species known for phytoremediation are listed. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. Plants can be used for pollutant stabilization, extraction, degradation, or volatilization. Plant species used for phytoremediation over 500 plant species are reported to have hyperaccumulation properties. Thlaspi caerulescens and viola calaminaria, were the first to be documented to accumulate. In this study, we focus on phytoextraction of mercury from contaminated soil by natural plant species.
Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical. This technology has been receiving attention lately as an innovative, costeffective alternative to the more. List of 10 plants used in phytoremediation health guide net. In some cases, soil, water and food are heavily polluted by heavy metals in china. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in.
The objective of our research is to search for suitable plant species for phytoextraction of mercurycontaminated soil. Phytoremediation uses plants to cleanup contaminated soil and groundwater, taking advantage of plants natural abilities to take up, accumulate, andor degrade constituents of their soil and water environments. Plants with more than one bcf and high roottoshoot metal translocation, as displayed by brake fern pteris vittata, are ideal for phytoremediation and also relate to the plant to act as a hyperaccumulator pandey 2012. The plants used in phytoremediation are generally selected on the basis of their growth rate and. Potential of five plant species for phytoremediation of metalpah. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Natural hyperaccumulators include iberis intermedia and thlaspi spp. Phytoremediation a list of plants that have been studied for their ability to filter, absorb andor degrade specific contaminants is included in appendix 5. This species has been used for the phytoremediation of different toxic pollutants. Certain plant species have used to immobilize contaminants in the soil and ground water through absorption and accumulation by roots, adsorption onto roots, or. Reiaz ul rehman, in soil remediation and plants, 2015. Fundamental and applied research have unequivocally demonstrated that selected plant species possess the genetic potential to remove, degrade, metabolize, or immobilize a wide range of contaminants. Extensive activity of mankind has been introducing hazardous compounds into the environment at an alarming rate.
Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. Populus species are examples of plants widely used to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils 38. Heavy metals in plants and phytoremediation springerlink. Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or an extraction technique.
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